August 2021
Torah Reflections
Torah Reflection 45
Shoftim (Judges)
“You shall appoint judges and officers in all your gates, which the LORD your God gives you, according to your tribes, and they shall judge the people with just judgement”. Then “You shall follow what is altogether just, that you may live and inherit the land which the LORD your God is giving you.”
Can there ever be a more clear statement of intent? The LORD has laid out the rules and regulations to be followed. Wise men appointed to see to it that justice and fairness prevail within that society. One set of clearly defined commandments applicable to everyone. What could possibly go wrong? The heart of man, that’s what could, and did, and still does, go wrong. The rules have not changed. God has not changed. And man has not changed. That is why it is so important that we look, that we take note, and that we attempt, by diligent attention, to live our lives as God intended.
The judgment for violation of the laws regarding worship are severe. Moses said that sun, moon and star worship was an abomination punishable by death. It is idolatrous. Safeguards in the number of witnesses and higher courts of appeal were instituted in order to eliminate frivolous or mischievous accusations. The appointment of a king, with absolute power, was foreseen. But Moses declared that at that time, the LORD himself would choose the king. No-one who was a foreigner would become king over Israel. And there were specific qualities noted for such a king. He should not accumulate great wealth in the manner of other kings of nations around them. Many horses, which signify large armies, were mentioned. Many wives, which signify self indulgence, was mentioned. But most significant was the requirement that the king write for himself his own copy of Torah. That he become familiar with God’s ‘instructions for righteous living’. That he identify, and accept the conditions God has laid down for everyone. A man who is not ‘above the law’. At all levels, God was seeking to make this people, this nation, “His special treasure”, very different to the nations around them. And another part of that difference was in the role and status of the Levites, the priestly class among them.
For the people themselves, no worship involving ‘passing children through the fire’, no witchcraft, no fortune telling, no interpretation of omens or sorcery, no ‘spells’, no mediums or spiritists, no person who ‘calls up the dead’. (Benny Hinn supporters should be alarmed by his claims to have been inspired by many conversations he had with the dead Kathryn Kuhlman) Moses knew that the people had for many years relied on him to be the channel of communication between them and God. They needed to know that such communication would continue. So Moses made them that huge promise “The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren, Him you shall hear.” Of course it was many years later that such Prophet appeared in the person of Yeshua Ha’Mashiach. One who spoke to God, face to face. But there was a solemn warning by God attached to such appearance. He said “I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him.” Take careful note. The LORD also declared at that time that some, who call themselves prophets, would claim to speak in His name. So He have a simple test which would allow people to identify such. If what such person speaks in His name, does not occur, then he has spoken presumptuously. He is to be ignored …. And put to death! Selah.
The LORD also commanded that safe cities of refuge be built for people who have inadvertently caused the death of another person. Accidents do happen. And eventually, as the nation expanded, three more such cities were to be added. But anyone seeking refuge in such a city, having deliberately caused the death of another was to face the full extent of the law, and not be allowed such refuge. Do you get the impression, as I do, that this land was being designed by God to be a place of great safety, comfort, and righteousness. A very good place to live. It seems that nothing was being left to chance or even debate. The law was the law. It was, and is for those who fully comply, very protective of the rights of people to live in peace. We know that it didn’t work out that way, for reasons we have canvassed earlier. The covenant with God and agreed by the people was broken by them. The consequences are evident all-around us. But there is good news. God has promised a new covenant. One which will be unbreakable, cannot be taught, will be known by everyone from the least to the greatest, will be part of the DNA of people. It will be put in the mind of man, and written on the heart of man by God Himself. And it is coming when Yeshua returns to reign on this earth. I think it will be very much like God intended the Israelites to live in the land He promised them. But they missed that chance.
The remainder of our ‘reflection’ this week continues with very practical matters of living cooperatively with each other. Respect for each others land boundaries, caution placed on judges to diligently enquire about matters of complaint, false witnesses to bear the punishment of the one against whom he has falsely witnessed. Much practical counsel for dealing with civil matters. But also an acknowledgement that there would be battles for possession of the land. How to deal with those in present possession was spelled out. Taking of ‘booty’. Captives. Livestock. Clearing of land. Moses must have been a most remarkable man. Which is why God chose him to be leader.
Again, be blessed as you study this word.
Shabbat shalom
RS
Torah Reflections
Torah Reflection 44
Re’eh (Behold)
“Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse’. Moses begins with a slight change in the message in this week’s portion of Scripture. There has been significant emphasis about the way in which God expected the Israelites to conduct themselves when they eventually entered the land. That does not change. Now we are told about the alternative in the event of disobedience to the commands of God. I take some licence here. My interpretation of this situation is that there are blessings which will accrue for obedience. They are undoubtedly favourable outcomes in the ways in which God has decided to provide blessing. In our text they are practical. Blessings of rain, fertility, crop production, livestock increase and resulting general ease of living. But a disobedient people, Moses said, would encounter a curse. The licence is in the difficulty I have in perceiving God in “punishment” mode here. I am aware of course that there were occasions when God did punish people for wanton and extreme disobedience, even to the extent of “swallowing them up into the earth”. In this instance however, I rather consider the “curse” here to be an absence of “blessing”. In this view, it may be seen as a natural outcome of ‘going it alone’. Without God. In the ‘christian’ view then, the ultimate curse, of eternity in ‘hell’ is the natural outcome of doing nothing to get right with God. But the blessing of eternal life requires active obedience to Almighty God. A positive response to live as He directs. Obedience to serve Him in the way He has directed.
(By way of illustration of this, we know that God told the people that they would be expelled from the land if they continued in disobedience. The two most remembered occasions were in 576 BCE, the “Babylonian exile” and 135 CE “Roman Expulsion”. Both were enforced by foreigners. Both the result of breaking covenant. Both events foretold and forewarned by God through the prophets. Both may be considered a ‘curse’ on the people. Both events avoidable through obedience. Both events followed by their return, orchestrated by a merciful God who has promised to never forsake His people)
The first task Moses assigned to the people was to destroy the high places of idol worship together with the idols themselves. Instead God would Himself provide the place where He would be worshipped. It would start with a location for the erection of the tabernacle which they carried with them, and later a more permanent Temple. “You shall not at all do as we are doing here today - every man doing whatever is right in his own eyes - for as yet you have not come to the rest and the inheritance which the LORD your God is giving you.” It seems to my mind that we might well consider that for today. There is much evidence that we seem to be quite good at “doing what is right in our own eyes”. But there is much more to consider too. The detail is there to read. The place for making offerings to the LORD. Who should participate and where. A caution about eating meat ‘with its blood’. Another caution about “prophets”. Evidently, there were people presenting themselves as spokespersons for the LORD. As there are today. Moses even considered the cases where a “prophet” spoke of things which actually happened. Surely a mark of a “true” prophet. But then the warning. Even in that circumstance, if the “prophet” used such occasion which caused the people to “go after other gods” then that “prophet” is to be put to death “so you shall put away the evil from your midst”. Great care should be taken when wealth and prosperity are used as ‘magnets’ to attract people to ‘faith’. The Apostle Paul, writing to Timothy warned “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, for which some have strayed from the faith in their greediness, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.”
Then in chapter 14 of our text, (with insensitivity to the modern reader!) Moses is at pains to provide a long list of the foods which they should eat, and others which are to be avoided. (With tongue firmly in cheek, I note that, unlike us today, Moses knew nothing about refrigeration!!) My choice is to trust God. Others have the right to disagree … not with me for I am of no consequence, but with Almighty God, who is. Then there is another vexed question for today. The tithe. Most of us are familiar with that greatly misapplied “tithing” text, Malachi 3:10. Here in our passage today, Moses gave the people the instructions about their “tithe”. Please read Deuteronomy 14: 22-29. Prepare for a shock, because you will never have heard this from a christian pulpit. I quote in part only. Each year “If the place where the LORD your God chooses to put His name is too far from you, when the LORD your God has blessed you, then you shall exchange it (your tithe) for money, take the money in your hand and go to the place where the LORD your God chooses. And you shall spend that money for whatever your heart desires and “have a party” (my paraphrase).” Then every THIRD year, store up your tithe within your gates, so that “the Levite, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, who are within your gates may come and eat and be satisfied , that the LORD your God may bless you all the work of your hand which you do.” The tithe is for rejoicing before the LORD and to provide for those in need.
And finally for this ‘reflection’, we find Moses reminding the people to keep the ‘mo’edim’ (appointed times) of the LORD. The detail is similar to that given earlier in Leviticus 23. Here in Deuteronomy there is the command that for three of these appointed times, Feast of Unleavened Bread, Feast of Weeks and Feast of Tabernacles, all the males of the community were required to present themselves before the LORD in the place of His appointment. Now note the condition. “and they shall not appear empty-handed. Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the LORD your God which He has given you”. This is nothing to do with ‘tithing’. Three ‘gift days’ each year for the work of the LORD. Give as the LORD has blessed you. And as the Apostle Paul said to the Corinthians “not grudgingly or of necessity”.
The LORD bless you as you study to understand His word.
Shabbat Shalom
RS
Torah Reflections
Torah Reflection 43
Ekev (Because)
We did not comment on an important statement which appeared in the reading last week. Speaking of the children of Israel. “For you are a holy people to the LORD your God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for Himself, a special treasure above all the peoples on the face of the earth. The LORD did not set His love on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any other people, for you were the least of all peoples; but because the LORD loves you, and because He would keep the oath which He swore to your fathers ..” Many people, even some who identify as christians today, have been unable to come to terms with that unambiguous statement of Scripture. As a result, a root of bitterness has developed and grown. And that, my dear friends, for those people, has become a stumbling block to spiritual growth. That constant attempt to justify personal prejudice against the clear will of God is debilitating. He requires that we accept that He alone is God. All the world is His, not just Israel. There is promise of blessing to those who bless whom God has blessed. Israel is special to Him. Get over it.
And for those who are ‘special’ to Him, that is followed up in the reading this week with “Then it shall come to pass, because you listen to these judgments and do them, that the LORD your God will keep with you the covenant and the mercy which He swore to your fathers.” The list of the blessings and care which God intended to shower upon this people is quite staggering. Fertility, fruitfulness of the land, food provision, health, wellbeing and multiplication of livestock are all included in the national blessing of this new nation of people. But over and again, Moses repeated the persistent message that obedience to the LORD’s commandments is a necessary pre-requisite for such blessing. This nation of Israel, living in their own land, was to be an example of the blessing which God provides for those who are His. A living testimony to the nations which surrounded them.
But as these words were being uttered, the people were still on the east side of the Jordan River. Moses was using the recall of God’s provision on their journey thus far to emphasise His ability to do what He said He would do. The land was still occupied by the Canaanites. Heathen idol worshippers. Those high places of worship had no role to play in the life of the Israelites. Their job was to occupy the land and remove all evidence of the culture of the people they were to replace. Can we see the parallels and the lessons for ourselves as we read this recital of God’s conditions to the Israelites? The imagery is of the journey we ourselves are embarked upon as we travel to our promised land. It is not too difficult to see the parallels, both in God’s requirement of us, or the blessings which are promised. Remember that He said. “I am the LORD, I do not change.” (Malachi 3:6)
There is the oft quoted promise of God, in the circumstance of their hunger and longing for variety of foods during their journey. “Man shall not live by bread alone; but man lives by every word that proceeds from the mouth of the LORD.” For them it was a practical matter of satisfying hunger. God had promised to bring them to a good land, which they could not see. To live their lives in freedom, where previously, for generations, they had lived in slavery. That was their hope. It was all that kept them going. There was light at the end of that proverbial tunnel. So too for us in type. We live in the blessed expectation of eternal life with our God. That is the “word which proceeds out of the mouth of God”. That is His promise to us. But there is a road of obedience to Him to be followed to get to that place.
As Moses continued, he described the land the LORD had prepared for the Israelites. It was a good land. “A land of hills and valleys, which drinks water from the rain of heaven, a land for which the LORD your God cares; the eyes of the LORD your God are always on it, from the beginning of the year to the very end of the year”. This was in comparison to the only other land they knew, Egypt, which had to be irrigated by hand from the river. But again Moses was careful to emphasise the need for them to be obedient to the commands of God. “To love the LORD your God and serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul.” Over and over again the same reminder. It must have been such a lovely productive land in those days. But because we know the way events unfolded, we see that after they were expelled from the land, due to their failure to keep covenant with God, the land became quite barren. So much so that in 1869, Mark Twain, in his book “Innocents Abroad” described it as ‘uninhabitable’! It had been drought ridden for 1800 years. Meaningful rain did not appear again until 20 years later as God prepared the land for the fulfilment of His prophecy of the return of the Jews from every corner of the globe.
We may do no better to conclude our ‘reflection’ this week than to sum up the whole of God’s requirement of these people, and in which I find no conflict with His requirement of us today if we are to receive His blessing. “And now, Israel, what does the LORD require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in His ways and to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments of the LORD and His statutes, which I command you for your good?” Why? “For the LORD your God is God of gods and LORD of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who shows no partiality nor takes a bribe.”
Do we need any other reason to offer Him our praise and our worship?
Shabbat Shalom
RS
Torah Reflections
Torah Reflection 42
Va’etchanan (And I implored)
A sad start to our ‘reflection’ today as Moses continued his account of the journey out of Egypt. He recalled for the people his pleading with the LORD to be allowed to go into the land with the people he had led for the past several years. The LORD”s answer was “Enough of that! Speak no more to Me of this matter.” Door closed. Memories of the letter to the church in Philadelphia. “These things says He who is holy, He who is true. (quoting Isaiah 22:22) He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens”. When God closes the door, it remains closed. Then God instructed Moses to go to the top of Mount Pisgah and look all around, in every direction, and there to command Joshua about the task ahead of him, as he was about to take charge of the people, as Moses’ successor, to lead them into the promised land.
Immediately after this the tone changed. Moses concentrated on ensuring that the people understood exactly what they had covenanted with God to do. (Exodus 24:7) This was not the first time they had heard these things, and it would not be the last. But the very first statement was, and is, vital both for them and for us. “You shall not add to the word I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.” If only “the church”, in all its hundreds of forms, could grasp the import of that command of God. Moses continued “Therefore be careful to observe them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who will hear all these statutes, and say; Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’’ It is quite evident that in the development of church practice, there continues to be a wide diversity of interpretation and understanding. That is quite detrimental to the view of the world to “the church”. Adding to and taking away from the word, as best fits the particular emphasis of the leadership, is common. The multiplication of different groups each claiming to have “the truth” only serves to emphasise the error. It would surely make Moses ‘blush’. Please take time to ponder this in your heart, asking God to reveal the relevance of these statements of Moses to you today. It could well be that the division of the Hebrew Scriptures and the Apostolic Scriptures by the descriptors “OLD” and “NEW” has much to answer for! Just read John 1:1,11, and 14 to gain some perspective.
Of all the commandments the LORD gave Moses, of which he again reminds the people, and which he here describes as the covenant they are expected to keep (Exodus 24:7), he initially singles out the “Ten Commandments”. Yes, there are TEN of them, even though most Christians recognise only nine. (The remembrance and observance of the Sabbath being considered optional for christian believers). Idolatry in its many forms, but specifically the making of carved images as objects of worship is forbidden. “For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.” said Moses. And that too is a commandment largely ignored by large sections of the christian church. But all is not lost. God knows the heart of man. He was aware way back then of the frailty and propensity of man to deviate from His ways. From those very practices Moses declared “But from there you will seek the LORD your God, and you will find Him if you seek Him with all your heart and with all your soul. When you are in distress, and all these things come upon you in the latter days, when you turn to the LORD your God and obey His voice (for the LORD your God is a merciful God) He will not forsake you nor destroy you nor forget the covenant of your fathers which He swore to them.” That is a highly qualified statement (highlighted) What a mighty God we serve. And we have this word, His word, as our guide and instruction to know what He expects, and what is right in His eyes. But it would be remiss of me to not also quote the psalmist David, with specific reference to the comments in then first paragraph of this ‘reflection’ about God closing doors. “The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in mercy. He will not always strive with us. Nor will He keep His anger forever.” (Psalm 103:8,9)
There is always so much teaching in these Scriptures. But perhaps the part which has been of greatest value to the Jewish community, in particular. is what has become known as “The Shema” in Chapter 6 : 4-9. The injunction is to “teach these words diligently to your children and to talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.” Can there be a more comfortable and safe place to learn the word of God? But no-one can teach what one does not know. It is such a sadness for christian believers that the chords of connection between these basic roots of our faith were so comprehensively broken at the Council of Nicaea about 1700 years ago. They can be restored.
Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sachs, former chief Rabbi in UK, has written “Shema Yisrael does not mean “Hear, O Israel”. It means something like “Listen, Concentrate. Give the word of God your most focussed attention. Strive to understand. Engage all your faculties, intellectual and emotional. Make His will your own. For what He commands you to do is not irrational or arbitrary but for your welfare, the welfare of your people, and ultimately for the benefit of humanity.”
God does and will bless those who diligently seek Him. He has made Himself known in His word. Selah.
Shabbat Shalom
RS