July 2024
TORAH REFLECTION
Torah Reflection 42
Va’etchanan (And I implored)
A sad start to our ‘reflection’ today as Moses continued his account of the journey out of Egypt. He recalled for the people his pleading with the LORD to be allowed to go into the land with the people he had led for the past several years. The LORD”s answer was “Enough of that! Speak no more to Me of this matter.” Door closed. Memories of the letter to the church in Philadelphia. “These things says He who is holy, He who is true. (quoting Isaiah 22:22) He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens”. When God closes the door, it remains closed. Then God instructed Moses to go to the top of Mount Pisgah and look all around, in every direction, and there to command Joshua about the task ahead of him, as he was about to take charge of the people, as Moses’ successor, to lead them into the promised land.
Immediately after this the tone changed. Moses concentrated on ensuring that the people understood exactly what they had covenanted with God to do. (Exodus 24:7) This was not the first time they had heard these things, and it would not be the last. But the very first statement was, and is, vital both for them and for us. “You shall not add to the word I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.” If only “the church”, in all its hundreds of forms, could grasp the import of that command of God. Moses continued “Therefore be careful to observe them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who will hear all these statutes, and say; Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’’ It is quite evident that in the development of church practice, there continues to be a wide diversity of interpretation and understanding. That is quite detrimental to the view of the world to “the church”. Adding to and taking away from the word, as best fits the particular emphasis of the leadership, is common. The multiplication of different groups each claiming to have “the truth” only serves to emphasise the error. It would surely make Moses ‘blush’. Please take time to ponder this in your heart, asking God to reveal the relevance of these statements of Moses to you today. It could well be that the division of the Hebrew Scriptures and the Apostolic Scriptures by the descriptors “OLD” and “NEW” has much to answer for! Just read John 1:1,11, and 14 to gain some perspective.
Of all the commandments the LORD gave Moses, of which he again reminds the people, and which he here describes as the covenant they are expected to keep (Exodus 24:7), he initially singles out the “Ten Commandments”. Yes, there are TEN of them, even though most Christians recognise only nine. (The remembrance and observance of the Sabbath being considered optional for christian believers). Idolatry in its many forms, but specifically the making of carved images as objects of worship is forbidden. “For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.” said Moses. And that too is a commandment largely ignored by large sections of the christian church. But all is not lost. God knows the heart of man. He was aware way back then of the frailty and propensity of man to deviate from His ways. From those very practices Moses declared “But from there you will seek the LORD your God, and you will find Him if you seek Him with all your heart and with all your soul. When you are in distress, and all these things come upon you in the latter days, when you turn to the LORD your God and obey His voice (for the LORD your God is a merciful God) He will not forsake you nor destroy you nor forget the covenant of your fathers which He swore to them.” That is a highly qualified statement (highlighted) What a mighty God we serve. And we have this word, His word, as our guide and instruction to know what He expects, and what is right in His eyes. But it would be remiss of me to not also quote the psalmist David, with specific reference to the comments in then first paragraph of this ‘reflection’ about God closing doors. “The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in mercy. He will not always strive with us. Nor will He keep His anger forever.” (Psalm 103:8,9)
There is always so much teaching in these Scriptures. But perhaps the part which has been of greatest value to the Jewish community, in particular. is what has become known as “The Shema” in Chapter 6:4-9. The injunction is to “teach these words diligently to your children and to talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.” Can there be a more comfortable and safe place to learn the word of God? But no-one can teach what one does not know. It is such a sadness for christian believers that the chords of connection between these basic roots of our faith were so comprehensively broken at the Council of Nicaea about 1700 years ago. They can be restored.
Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sachs, former chief Rabbi in UK, has written “Shema Yisrael does not mean “Hear, O Israel”. It means something like “Listen, Concentrate. Give the word of God your most focussed attention. Strive to understand. Engage all your faculties, intellectual and emotional. Make His will your own. For what He commands you to do is not irrational or arbitrary but for your welfare, the welfare of your people, and ultimately for the benefit of humanity.”
God does and will bless those who diligently seek Him. He has made Himself known in His word. Selah.
Shabbat Shalom
RS
TORAH REFLECTION
Torah Reflection 41
Devarim (Words)
As we begin to ‘reflect’ on this book of “words”, we remind ourselves of where we have come in the historic timeline. Our Bibles record that Abraham lived approx. 4,000 years ago. The events recorded in Numbers, on which we have just ‘reflected’, take us to roughly 3,300 years ago. And at this point Moses, in the knowledge that his life was soon to end, determined to make sure that the Israelites were reminded of all that God had accomplished for them since they left the slavery of Egypt a mere 40 years earlier. What Leviticus is to the priesthood, Deuteronomy is to the people. Both books are instructional. And neither involves any ‘journeying’. Numbers 33 contains the summary of the wilderness wandering of the Israelites.
When they left Egypt, and began their journey, the LORD had taken time to explain to Moses, on the mountain, what He expected of this people called by His name, as He led them to the land He had promised to Abram hundreds of years earlier. And now, by walking up into the hills on the eastern side of the Jordan River, it was possible for them to gaze back over their encampment below, directly into the land God had promised them. They had been within a few days walk of that land when Moses was on the mountain hearing from God, but their failure to trust God at that time was why that few day’s journey had stretched out to 40 years. We remind ourselves that when Moses had conveyed to them what the LORD required of them, they had willingly agreed to “all that the LORD has said and to be obedient” (Exodus 24:7) and thus had made a covenant with Him. A salutary lesson for us if we too have ourselves made a covenant with God. He expects that we keep that covenant. Because He does.
And now, in the twilight of his life, Moses provided a ‘modern history lesson’ for them. Starting with the selection of trusted men from each tribe to act in impartial judgement over them, and eventually the selection of men to spy out the land God had promised them. But in spite of the promise of God to go before them and to give them victory over the Canaanites, they trusted the report of those men who saw defeat ahead, rather than that of Joshua and Caleb, who trusted God that victory was assured if they went in immediately. It was their lack of trust in God’s word, which amounted to rebellion against Him, which caused God to be angry with them and deny them entry to the land (those above 20 years of age at that time) and cause them to die during the next 39 years of their journey. Moses was not “pulling any punches” here because he knew that there were many challenges still to be faced by them, and their absolute trust in God was paramount for their success in conquering the land. We might conclude that it is the same for us in our walk of faith. Our tendency is to expect understanding, with our mind, what God is saying, rather than to believe, with our heart, that He is faithful in all His ways. And where He leads, He will protect, guide, and keep. The issue for us is to know when we hear from God, and not be following our own ambition. A different ‘spirit’.
Moses reminded them of what happened when they (the ones who voted against Joshua and Caleb) tried to ‘go it alone’, in their own strength, against his counsel. They were soundly defeated by the Amorites. He even told them that he too was now forbidden to enter the land on their account. Then Moses recalled other encounters with the Edomites, and the Moabites. The Lord had told Moses that their lands were not to be taken because the LORD had given those lands respectively to the descendants of Esau and Lot (who was also given the land of the Ammonites) as an inheritance. And during this whole trek, God had provided them with food and water, even their shoes did not wear out! Our text also tells us that it took 38 years of the journey for all the ‘over twenty year olds’ to die. The ones now left had not incurred the wrath of God for the disobedience at Horeb, and would be the ones to shortly enter the land.
Moses encouraged the people that as a result of their recent battles, the LORD had put great fear into the various kingdoms through which they had, and would, pass. They had already acquired substantial wealth by way of gold, silver, cattle, sheep, donkeys and even people to work for them. More would follow as they moved to accomplish that which God had in store for them. Their task was to remain faithful to the covenant they had made with God. Yes there was more to be done. Yes there were battles to be fought. Yes there were difficulties to be overcome. BUT, victory was assured “You must not fear them, for the LORD your God Himself fights for you”, Moses told them.
Read the account for yourself. It is an encapsulation of significant events in which the Israelites had been involved, with various outcomes, from which we can all learn valuable lessons. And if we don’t learn those lessons, then it is just another interesting, but unusual, story! From all that Moses has written, the overwhelming lesson for me is to observe the amazing relationship Moses had with his God. He was not perfect, but he was faithful, obedient, committed, humble, and reliant on God. It is probably overly ambitious to expect such a relationship with God for oneself. But the elements within that relationship are available aspirations for all. These accounts of God’s leading the people to the land He promised them are written for our knowledge and understanding of God Himself. How He relates, and what He expects. “I am the LORD, I do not change”. (Malachi 3:6)
The blessing is ours if we are willing to commit ourselves to the reading, study, and understanding of His word.
Shabbat Shalom
RS
TORAH REFLECTION
Torah Reflection 40
Mattot/Massei (Tribes/Journeys)
Our ‘reflection’ opens today with details about some laws and practices which concern the relationships, in respect of contract and vow authority, between men and women (daughters and wives). Also, the importance of words used in making those promises (vows). The late David Pawson, who wrote several books, said that the book which brought him the most adverse comment was the one entitled “Leadership is Male”. He might have, but didn’t, use this passage of Scripture as the foundation for that book title. Here, the passage is used to illustrate the onerous task of care and protection which God has charged to the account of men. And there is a valuable lesson for us today in this regard. Regrettably, we may all know people, men, who have substantially abused this Godly role of care and protection, turning it instead into an issue of possessive obsession of control. This passage of Scripture does not rule out, or forbid, reasoned discussion between the woman and the man on any substantive issue in the proposed ‘vow’ in advance. We also note that the relationships relate to a man and an unmarried daughter, or a wife, living in the same home. The role of the man is intended to be exercised in love. And that for the benefit and protection of the woman, not for her imprisonment.
The LORD then restated His instruction about harassing the Midianites. We earlier noted that these Midianites had a distant blood relationship with the Israelites through Abraham. They were once a nomadic group, who could “pop up” almost anywhere, but they had also built cities to live in under kings. In so doing they also acquired great wealth. They were traders who travelled widely. They evidently were quite familiar with the Moabites and lived among them. If they became widely dispersed in Canaan too, and we know from the story of Joseph that they travelled through the land of Canaan, then they would become an obstacle to the Israelites in conquering that land. So Moses put together an army of twelve thousand men to war against the Midianites. I am not sure how long the battles raged, but all the Midianite males were put to the sword, including the five kings of their cities. In addition, we are told that the infamous Balaam also was killed with them. The whole story is contained in chapter 31 of our text. The end result was that the Israelites were much richer. gold, silver, bronze, tin, lead, and wood, as well as leather and woven garments. Additionally they acquired 675,000 sheep, 72,000 cattle, 61,000 donkeys, as well as 32,000 young women who were unmarried. All this booty was equitably divided between the tribes. Half to the men who participated in the fight, and half to the remainder of the people. Then from each half, tribute was given to the High Priest, as a heave offering to the LORD, and a similar tribute to the Levites. Everyone thereby participated in the spoils of victory. And finally, the “icing on the cake” for the Israelites. The commanders of the fighting men came to Moses to report that they had not lost a single person in the fight. So they brought an offering of thanks and praise to God for His protection. A dress rehearsal. What an amazing illustration of God being among the people as they made the final preparation to go into the land. I can only find a simple lesson here. Moses. Obedient. Faithful. Speaking only that which God told him to speak. God give us grace to learn what you require of us, as Moses did.
The land on the Eastern side of the Jordan River was fertile and attractive to the heads of the tribes of Reuben and Gad, who, we are told had “a great multitude of livestock”. They decided that they would like to settle there, and came to an arrangement with Moses and Joshua which allowed them to so do. Their fighting men would accompany the other tribes when they eventually entered Canaan, to conquer it, but would then return to their families in their chosen place, which today is part of Jordan. Later they were joined by the half tribe of Manasseh in what is today part Jordan and part Syria. The whole journey of the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan is recorded in Numbers 33. It is quite informative. The land God promised the Israelites, for occupation by the remaining 9 1/2 tribes is described in Numbers 34. Most modern Bible editions include a map supplement which allows the interested reader to follow the details visually. But there are some ‘reflections’ to be made about God’s instructions which were not observed by the Israelites and which have repercussions for them to this very day. It also provides us today with a solemn lesson if we wish to learn it.
The vast majority of believers are acquainted with the phrase “be sure your sin will find you out”. Most think it to be a quotation from “somewhere” in the Apostolic Scriptures. It is in fact a promise of God, made to the Israelites in the very circumstance of driving out the enemy before them as they seek to conquer and occupy the land of God’s promise to them. (Numbers 32:20-22). Then in verse 23 Moses told the people “But if you do not do so, then take note, you have sinned against the LORD; and be sure your sin will find you out”. There is no question that God is well aware of the sin of man. But man is not always aware of, or does not appreciate, the often immediate, consequences of such sin.
“But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then it shall be that those whom you let remain shall be irritants in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they shall harass you in the land where you dwell. Moreover it shall be that I will do to you as I thought to do to them.” (Numbers 33:55,56.) Our knowledge of the Scriptures tells that that is exactly what happened. The irritant, the thorns, the harassment, and later the expulsion from the land. Just as God said it would be.
How blessed are we that God gives us such warnings?
Shabbat Shalom
RS
TORAH REFLECTION
Torah Reflection 39
Pinchas (Phineas)
Balaam was hired by the Moabite king Balak to curse the Israelites. Under God’s control and direction, he was unable to so do. It is widely considered that he then offered counsel and advice to the Midianites and Moabites about the way in which their conduct with the Israelites could minimise the possibility of war between them. Idolatry and moral decadence, to put it politely. God’s anger was aroused, and Moses was instructed to hang those men of Israel who had so offended and compromised themselves with the women of Moab and Midian. Now Phineas, grandson of Aaron, was himself so angered that he took a javelin and personally killed Zimri, son of a family leader of the Simeonite tribe, together with Cozbi, a daughter of family head of the Midianites. At that the killing ceased, but by then, 24,000 men of Israel were dead.
As a result of the actions of Phineas, showing great zeal for righteousness as in “zeal with My zeal” said God to Moses, “I give to him My covenant of peace; and it shall be to him and his descendants after him a covenant of an everlasting priesthood, because he was zealous for his God, and made atonement for the children of Israel”. (I am reminded here of that great “faith” chapter, Hebrews 11, where we read “He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him.” I wonder if the writer to the Hebrews, in addition to the giants of ‘faith’ mentioned, might also have had Phineas in mind when he wrote that!). But God also had a word for the Midianites. They were descendants of the half brother of Isaac, same father, different mother. Moses was told to “Harass the Midianites and attack them; for they harassed you with their schemes by which they seduced you .. “ And as we will see again next week, Moses was faithful to God’s command of harassment of the Midianites thereafter. As we mentioned in our opening paragraph, Balaam was strongly suspected of being part of those schemes. I see an important lesson for us today right here. God had expressed His anger at the idolatry and other matters which were destroying the status of the Israelites in the eyes the people of Moab and Midian. They became almost indistinguishable from those around them. It might be called “assimilation”. As believers we are called to be ‘in the world’ but not ‘of the world’ aren’t we? And that is for “My holy name’s sake”. It is not for reward or acclamation (read Hebrews 11:6 in its entirety), but as a testimony to who we are in Him. Just like the Israelites of those days, we carry the mantle, the mark, the name, of Him who saved us. It’s not what we say that impresses the people we come in contact with. It’s what we DO, how we behave. And God sees everything.
Then Moses was instructed to take another census of the men who were 20 years old and above. Almost 40 years had passed since the last major census and there had been many people die in that time. There now were 601,730 fighting men remaining. Those under twenty year olds who were there at the start were now almost sixty year olds. And they were the oldest of them, apart from Joshua and Caleb, (Numbers 14:38 and 26:64,65) because Moses too, would not complete the journey into the land of God’s promise, which was now very close. But Moses had one more very important task. The fair division of the land. God instructed him in the principles of the division, but the precise location was to be decided by casting lots. Only the Levites were excluded from land allotment. They were excluded also from the census of the fighting men. And there were 23,000 of them from one month old and above. As these matters were being discussed, five daughters of Zelophedad, a descendant of Manasseh, approached Moses with the fact that they had no brothers, and under the existing arrangement they would be dispossessed of any land inheritance. Moses enquired of the LORD, and the women were very pleased to be assured they would get their land within their tribal allotment!
There is yet more work for Moses to accomplish by way of teaching, but the LORD wanted to show the one He described as “His friend” the land which He had promised the people so many years ago. From the plains of Moab, God told Moses to go to the heights of the Abarim Mountain range, to the east of the Dead Sea. Its highest peak today is about 850 m above the Dead Sea, and Mount Nebo is at the northern end of that range. It provided a good view westward across the landscape of Canaan. It is not difficult to imagine a day with no pollution giving extensive views over the land. And it was here that God told Moses that he would shortly be following his sister Miriam and his brother Aaron in death. I am always sad when I read that about Moses. Such a faithful servant of the LORD. But then I consider the crown of glory which surely awaits such a man. Another lesson. The writer to the Hebrews said “It is appointed to men to die once, but after this the judgement.” (Hebrews 9:27). Both parts of that statement are true. The death and the judgement. It was true for Moses, and it is true for us. The great lesson for us to understand is that God Himself is the Judge. He is gracious, merciful, and just. But He cannot look on unforgiven sin. (Revelation 21:27)
After that Moses spoke to the LORD about leadership succession. The LORD appointed Joshua, with the instruction that He would communicate through Eleazar the High Priest and the mysterious (to us) Urim. And finally, Moses was told to reinforce among the people the instructions relating to the “mo’edim’ of the LORD. The Sabbath, the beginning of months, Passover, Unleavened bread, Firstfruits (Feast of Weeks), Yom Teruah, Yom Kippur, and Feast of Tabernacles. All are included. They must be important to God.
“So Moses told the children of Israel everything, just as the LORD commanded Moses”. What a faithful servant of God.
Shabbat Shalom
RS